Pipes can put people and facilities in danger if no one knows what's flowing through them. Pipe labels help provide essential information where it's needed most to keep everyone safe. A comprehensive pipe marking system can benefit all types of facilities to support safety programs.
Clear and standardized pipe marking not only improves safety, but also boosts warehouse efficiency by ensuring that workers can quickly and accurately identify pipe contents and related hazards, reducing the risk of accidents and downtime.
The purpose of pipe marking is to communicate the contents of pipes and provide important details if specific hazards exist, like extreme temperatures or pressure.
Pipe labels are also important for maintenance and emergency workers to help easily identify pipe contents to respond to issues quicker and safely. The pipe marking standard organizations choose will depend on their facility type and location. Some industries and jurisdictions will have additional legal requirements.
Clear and standardized pipe marking labels support overall workplace efficiency. These pipework labels enable workers to make informed decisions and take precautions during routine operations and emergencies by providing essential information about the contents and potential hazards of the pipes.
Effective premade and custom pipe labels improve organizational communication and collaboration. Consistent pipe labeling practices allow for all personnel, including contractors and visitors, to easily understand and navigate the facility's piping system. This creates a culture of safety and teamwork, where everyone plays a role in maintaining a secure and productive work environment.
Compliance with pipe labeling standards demonstrates a commitment to regulatory compliance and best practices. Organizations not only meet legal requirements but also demonstrate their dedication to safety and professionalism by aligning with industry standards.
Implementing proper pipe marking is an investment in the well-being of employees, the efficiency of operations, and the reputation of the organization. Facilities can create a safer, more productive, and compliant workplace for everyone by prioritizing clear and consistent pipe labeling practices.
Here's an overview of the most common pipe labeling standards a variety of industrial facilities and industries use:
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) offers a general approach for labeling piping systems in industrial and power plants in their Scheme for the Identification of Piping Systems or ANSI/ASME A13.1. It's the broadest and most common pipe marking recommendation in the United States and is the foundation for most pipe labeling projects across multiple industries.
It also applies to commercial and institutional facilities including buildings used for public assembly. However, it does not apply to buried pipelines or electrical conduits due to the different factors and regulations managing these systems.
Is the Organization Outside of the United States?
If a facility operates in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia, and beyond, it will need to follow relevant standards:
OSHA does not have requirements for pipe labeling, although it's still a vital part of maintaining a safe workplace. Pipe labeling falls within the scope of OSHA's General Duty Clause, which covers all potential hazards in the workplace.
In standard 1910.261(a)(3)(ii), OSHA recommends following ANSI/ASME A13.1 for best practices and labeling all pipes with their contents to help with general facility maintenance and communication.
Facilities without pipe marking labels may be subject to a citation if the following apply:
Confusion over pipe contents in these instances can result in injury and even death, which makes pipe labeling crucial.
Facilities with ammonia refrigeration systems need to use ammonia pipe labels to improve the visibility of the system's parts to help reduce the chances of toxic ammonia exposure.
The International Institute of All-Natural Refrigeration (IIAR), formerly known as the International Institute of Ammonia Refrigeration, provides guidelines for labeling ammonia piping and components in their Identification of Ammonia Refrigeration Piping and Systems Components standard, or IIAR Bulletin 114. It breaks down the color scheme, label format, sizing recommendations, and abbreviations for pipe markers.
These guideline components need to meet certain requirements to ensure ammonia pipe labels properly convey the pipe�s contents:
These ammonia pipe labels and its requirements align with ANSI/ASME A13.1 for consistency and serve as the preferred style to identify pipes that carry toxic contents like ammonia.
A facility audit should be performed to assess the piping system and workplace challenges before conducting any pipe marking. Once the pipe labeling standard is determined, it's time to understand the elements to include on the label.
Five elements make an effective pipe label, according to ANSI best practices. Luckily, most pipe labeling standards use these same elements.
1. Text
Identify the pipe's contents by name, including any hazardous chemicals or substances present. Consider listing specific details of the contents if they have risks or require special handling. Safety information, such as handling instructions or emergency procedures, should be displayed on the pipe identification labels to guide workers in case of an accident.
Include contact information for responsible personnel or departments for quick communication in case of emergencies. Lastly, note the installation date or last inspection to confirm the integrity of the pipe system.
2. Size
Choose an appropriate size pipe label and text size so it can be easily seen and understood. ANSI A13.1 outlines minimum label and text sizes based on a pipe's outer diameter. Here's a chart with minimum size suggestions for pipe labeling:
| 0.75 x 1.25 inches | 1 x 8 inches | 0.5 inches |
| 1.25 x 2.0 inches | 1 x 8 inches | 0.75 inches |
| 2 x 7 inches | 2 x 12 inches | 1.25 inches |
| 7 x 10 inches | 3 x 24 inches | 2.5 inches |
| Over 10 inches | 4 x 32 inches | 3.5 inches |
For a pipe diameter less than 0.75 inches, we recommend using permanent valve tags to identify them for the best visibility.
3. Direction of Flow
When applying pipe marking labels, it's important to show which way the substance inside is moving. Use arrows to point the direction of flow. If the contents can go both ways, put in more than one arrow. Make sure to mark where the pipe starts and ends, especially if it's part of a big system or has a lot of entry and exit points. Different-sized arrows or colors to show if the flow rate or pressure changes along the pipe can be used.
Sometimes, extra symbols may be needed on the pipe labels to show things like turbulence or when the flow stops and starts. Colors, following a pipe marker color code, can also be used to show when different fluids are flowing or if the flow changes direction at different points. Remember to include any special warnings about things like backflow or when flow needs to be controlled. These details help everyone understand how the pipes work and keep things running smoothly.
4. Label Placement
Always consider how someone will approach and view a pipe. Premade and custom pipe labels must be visible from a person's point of normal approach. For example, if a pipe is directly overhead, apply the label below the center line. If the pipe is below eye level, apply the label above the center line for a clear view.
Best practices for the most effective label placement include:
Consistent pipe label placement is key to ensuring that pipe marking labels are easily recognizable and reliably interpreted throughout the facility. Facilities can enhance safety and streamline operations by continually following these best practices while guiding workers along the way.
5. Pipe Marker Color Code
ANSI/ASME A13.1 recommends implementing a pipe marker color code. A color code helps improve the recognition of pipes while helping quickly alert people to the type of hazard potentially posed by a pipe's contents.
ANSI Z535.1 safety colors standard suggests color shades be used for the best level of identification to employees with normal and color-deficient vision. There are six predefined colors to identify broad types of pipe contents and four user-identified combinations that can be used separately by each facility using the standard.
| Pipe contents | Colors | User-defined colors |
| Fire quenching fluids | Red marker with white text | White on black |
| Toxic and corrosive fluids | Orange marker with black text | White on gray |
| Flammable and oxidizing fluids | Yellow marker with black text | Black on white |
| Combustible fluids | Brown marker with white text | White on purple |
| Other water (potable, cooling, boiling, etc.) | Green marker with white text | |
| Compressed air | Blue marker with white text |
One way organizations can easily reference ANSI pipe labeling requirements is with a detailed pipe marking chart. This ensures quick compliance for properly color-coded pipes.
It's a good idea for organizations to check with local authorities to make sure they are fully complying with the law before they mark their pipes. There are a few important factors to consider that could significantly affect the success of a pipe marking system, including:
Size of the piping system: Does the warehouse have a small or large piping system? Does it have multiple systems? This will help determine the most efficient pipe labeling method to carry out a marking system.
Condition of pipes: Warehouses must evaluate the physical condition of the pipes. Are the surfaces of pipes dirty, greasy, or rusty? Organizations can apply premade and custom pipe labels with hard-to-label pipe surfaces like these with durable valve tags and pipe grabber sleeves that provide a clean surface.
Contents of pipes: Does the warehouse have hazardous materials or extremely hot or cold contents running through its pipes? This will likely require certain supplies that can hold strong under high heat and harsh exposures to ensure the pipe labels remain intact and legible.
Workplace environment: Organizations must evaluate their facility for general hazards. Are there obstacles during day-to-day operations that could affect the condition or visibility of the labels? They need to consider things like potential exposure to weather, abrasion, and general wear and tear.
Evaluating a facility�s piping system before implementing pipe marking can help prevent potential hazards and accidents down the line.
To see how to implement a pipe labeling system in your facility, see DuraLabel�s in-depth article on getting started with pipe marking. You can also request DuraLabel�s free Pipe Marking Instant Action Guide for in-depth instructions and tools to help create an effective system.
During the process, you'll find that choosing the right supplies is an important part of ensuring a successful system. Fortunately, there are high-quality solutions made to resist damage in challenging environments to ensure long-lasting premade and custom pipe labels.
When you're ready to create pipe labels and other visual signals for your facility, you can rely on the DuraLabel line of industrial sign and label printers and the PathFinder line of floor marking and safety tapes. DuraLabel products are engineered to make long-lasting identification and markings for a variety of industrial needs and are matched for pipe marking implementation.
Ready to get started with marking in your facility? Read DuraLabel�s How to Get Started with Pipe Marking article for comprehensive instructions on implementing a pipe marking system.
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